Thai Starter

Tom Yum Goong

Tom Yum Goong is a hot-and-sour prawn soup scented with lemongrass, galangal and makrut lime leaves.

20 minsPrep time
20 minsCook time
Serves 2Servings
MediumDifficulty
Tom Yum Goong
About this dish

Tom Yum Goong: the story on the plate

Tom Yum Goong is a hot-and-sour prawn soup scented with lemongrass, galangal and makrut lime leaves. Tom yum is one of Thailand’s defining soup families. The prawn version uses a clear, aromatic broth whose sourness and heat come from fresh herbs and lime rather than long cooking. What makes Tom Yum Goong memorable is its combination of a hot-and-sour prawn soup scented with lemongrass, galangal and makrut lime leaves. It rewards careful heat control and balanced seasoning rather than unnecessary garnish. Tom Yum Goong is commonly eaten as an opening dish, snack or shared plate. It introduces the cuisine through contrast and freshness, and is often served with sauces, herbs or pickles that diners adjust at the table.

Historical background

Tom yum is one of Thailand’s defining soup families. The prawn version uses a clear, aromatic broth whose sourness and heat come from fresh herbs and lime rather than long cooking.

Why it is famous

What makes Tom Yum Goong memorable is its combination of a hot-and-sour prawn soup scented with lemongrass, galangal and makrut lime leaves. It rewards careful heat control and balanced seasoning rather than unnecessary garnish.

Cultural significance

Tom Yum Goong is commonly eaten as an opening dish, snack or shared plate. It introduces the cuisine through contrast and freshness, and is often served with sauces, herbs or pickles that diners adjust at the table.

Nutrition

Estimated nutrition per serving

These figures are estimates per serving. Actual nutrition can vary with the brands and exact amounts you use, how much oil, dressing or sauce is absorbed, any substitutions or added extras, and the portion size served.

A practical guide for comparing recipes and planning meals.

380Calories
34gProtein
16gCarbs
18gFat
Ingredients

What you need

  • 600 raw king prawns, shells kept for stock
  • 1.2 water
  • 3 lemongrass stalks, bruised and sliced
  • 6 slices galangal, sliced
  • 6 makrut lime leaves, torn
  • 150 straw mushrooms or oyster mushrooms
  • 3 fish sauce
  • 3 lime juice
  • 2 roasted chilli paste
  • 3 Thai chillies, bruised
  • Coriander to finish
Method

Step-by-step method

Follow the recipe in order, tasting and adjusting seasoning where needed.

  1. Make a quick stock: Use shells, bones or aromatics to build a light stock, simmering gently rather than boiling hard. Skim if needed so the broth stays clean.
  2. Infuse aromatics: Add lemongrass, galangal, makrut lime leaf or coriander root and simmer for 5 minutes.
  3. Cook the main ingredients: Add mushrooms, vegetables and protein in order of cooking time. Seafood needs only a few minutes; chicken should simmer gently until cooked through.
  4. Season off the boil: Add fish sauce, chilli paste or sugar, then turn off the heat before adding lime juice or delicate herbs.
  5. Taste and adjust: Taste with a spoonful of broth and one piece of the main ingredient. Adjust with lime for sourness, fish sauce for saltiness and chilli for warmth.
  6. Serve immediately: Ladle into warm bowls and finish with coriander, herbs or extra chilli oil where appropriate.
Cook smarter

Tips, storage and serving advice

Shopping tips

Buy fresh herbs on the day if possible. Choose fragrant lemongrass, firm galangal, glossy chillies, good fish sauce and coconut milk with coconut extract high on the label.

Ingredient quality

Thai food depends on fresh aromatics and balanced seasoning. If one ingredient is unavailable, adjust with lime, fish sauce, sugar and herbs rather than making the dish flat.

Common mistakes

For Tom Yum Goong, the main mistakes are losing control of the balance between king prawns, water, lemongrass stalks, galangal; rushing the "Make a quick stock" stage before the flavour or texture has properly developed; and overworking or holding the finished dish so long that its freshness and texture fade. Use the recipe's visual cue as your guide: The liquid should smell aromatic and look clear. With Tom Yum Goong, taste and observe as you cook rather than relying on the clock alone; the goal is a result that still tastes recognisably Thai and preserves the texture that makes this recipe distinctive.

Chef’s tips

For the best Tom Yum Goong, organise king prawns, water, lemongrass stalks, galangal before you start so the cooking itself can stay controlled. Give particular attention to the "Make a quick stock" stage: this is where the recipe begins to establish its final flavour and texture. A useful technique note from the method is: A short stock is enough for Thai soups; freshness matters more than heaviness. Trust the visual cue — The liquid should smell aromatic and look clear. — more than an exact minute count. At the "Serve immediately" stage, make the final seasoning adjustment and serve without unnecessary delay. That final check is what makes Tom Yum Goong taste deliberate rather than simply cooked.

How to know it is cooked

Cooked proteins should be just done: prawns opaque, chicken 74°C in the thickest piece, pork tender and fish flaking cleanly. Sauces should taste slightly bold because rice softens them.

Plating advice

Plate Tom Yum Goong so the dish reads clearly at first glance. Use a smaller plate or shallow bowl and keep the portion compact, leaving enough negative space for king prawns, water, lemongrass stalks to remain identifiable. The presentation should protect the intended texture — contrasting textures: tender main ingredient, fresh herbs, glossy sauce or crisp garnish — so avoid covering crisp elements with sauce too early or compressing delicate components. For the finish, draw selectively from the existing garnish guidance: Coriander, Thai basil, shredded makrut lime leaf, lime wedges, cucumber, toasted peanuts, crispy shallots or chilli oil depending on the dish. Use one or two elements with purpose rather than applying every option at once. For Tom Yum Goong, the final plate should feel consistent with its Thai identity: confident, appetising and easy to eat, with no decoration that competes with the food itself.

Make ahead

Prep aromatics, sauces and pastes ahead, but cook seafood, noodles, herbs and crunchy toppings close to serving.

Storage and reheating

Cool quickly and refrigerate in a sealed container for up to 2 days. Salads and fried foods are best eaten fresh. Reheat curries and soups gently to a simmer. Reheat fried foods in a 180°C oven or air fryer for 5-8 minutes. Avoid microwaving noodles for too long.

Wine pairing

What to drink with Tom Yum Goong

These are wine-style pairings, so you can choose any bottle in that style rather than needing one exact producer. Look for the grape, region or style name on the label.

Pairings are chosen around the dish’s flavour, texture, richness, acidity and cooking style, not just the country it comes from.

Off-Dry Riesling wine pairing
#1 Excellent match White

Off-Dry Riesling

Why it works:

Off-Dry Riesling is an excellent partner for Tom Yum Goong: aromatic fruit and freshness soften the perception of chilli and spice, while restrained tannin avoids making heat feel harsher.

Slightly sweet, high-acid Riesling that balances spice, salt, smoked pork and sweet-sour sauces without tasting heavy.

GrapeRiesling
RegionMosel, Pfalz, Alsace, Austria
Wine flavourlime, peach, apricot, honey, slate
Serve at7-9°C
  • Flavour bridge: aromatic fruit connects with spice while a cool, fresh finish resets the palate
  • Acidity: High freshness cuts through oil and rich spice pastes
  • Body: Enough flavour intensity for spice without excessive weight
  • Tannin: Low tannin avoids exaggerating bitterness and heat
  • Sweetness: A dry-to-off-dry profile can cushion chilli heat
  • Best for: Dinner, entertaining or recipe pairing
View wine guide
Gewürztraminer wine pairing
#2 Great match White

Gewürztraminer

Why it works:

Gewürztraminer offers a compelling alternative for Tom Yum Goong: aromatic fruit and freshness soften the perception of chilli and spice, while restrained tannin avoids making heat feel harsher.

Highly aromatic white with lychee, rose, ginger and spice. Works with fragrant dishes, rich cheese and lightly sweet desserts.

GrapeGewürztraminer
RegionAlsace, Alto Adige, Germany
Wine flavourlychee, rose, ginger, peach, spice
Serve at8-10°C
  • Flavour bridge: aromatic fruit connects with spice while a cool, fresh finish resets the palate
  • Acidity: High freshness cuts through oil and rich spice pastes
  • Body: Enough flavour intensity for spice without excessive weight
  • Tannin: Low tannin avoids exaggerating bitterness and heat
  • Sweetness: A dry-to-off-dry profile can cushion chilli heat
  • Best for: Dinner, entertaining or recipe pairing
View wine guide
Dry Riesling wine pairing
#3 Interesting match White

Dry Riesling

Why it works:

For a more adventurous pairing, dry Riesling is an excellent partner for Tom Yum Goong: aromatic fruit and freshness soften the perception of chilli and spice, while restrained tannin avoids making heat feel harsher.

A precise, high-acid white with lime, green apple, blossom and mineral tension. It loves pork, fish, cabbage, spice and rich sauces.

GrapeRiesling
RegionMosel, Rheingau, Alsace, Clare Valley
Wine flavourlime, green apple, petrol, slate, blossom
Serve at8-10°C
  • Flavour bridge: aromatic fruit connects with spice while a cool, fresh finish resets the palate
  • Acidity: High freshness cuts through oil and rich spice pastes
  • Body: Enough flavour intensity for spice without excessive weight
  • Tannin: Low tannin avoids exaggerating bitterness and heat
  • Sweetness: A dry-to-off-dry profile can cushion chilli heat
  • Best for: Dinner, entertaining or recipe pairing
View wine guide
Bottle suggestions

Specific wines to try

These are named bottles or regional wine examples already linked to this recipe. Each card opens the relevant wine-style guide because individual bottle pages are not currently published.